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Counterfactual Embedding Framework Measures Conceptual Shifts in Science
A new arXiv paper proposes treating the geometry of document embeddings as a measurable signal of how scientific concepts reorganize over time. The authors add a counterfactual ablation method that estimates how much any single concept contributes to the overall structure of a body of knowledge. The work aims to give scientometrics a quantitative tool for spotting shifts that resemble scientific revolutions.